Background: Climate condition is expected to have significant in rodents’ diversity and in the seasonal pattern of diseases carried by different rodents. In an effort to aid in the study of the biodiversity of PARASITES of rodents in different climate zoon we examined climate patterns in the parasite assemblages of different rodents from Mar 2015 to Feb 2016. Methods: Of 253 captured rodents in three climate zone of Iran, thirteen species of rodents were recognized. Rodents included Mus musculus, Microtus, Apodemus witherbyi, Calomyscus elburzensis, Meriones libycus, Tatera indica, Alactaga elater, and Arvicola amphibius. Trapped rodents humanely sacrificed and the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts were removed and examined to identify parasitic HELMINTHs. PARASITES were identified using key morphological characteristics. Results: Of 253 rodents examined, 109 (43. 08%) were positive for HELMINTH infection including Syphacia obvelata (20. 1%), Aspicularis tetraptera (9. 9%), Trichuris muris (0. 3%), Capillaria sp. (0. 3%), Physaloptera sp. (0. 7%), Gongylonema sp. (1. 1%), Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (6. 7%) Heligmosomoides polygyrus (4. 3%) Hymenolepis diminuta (3. 1%), H. nana (0. 8%), Cysticercus fasciolaris, (2. 7%), Mesocestoides sp. larva (0. 3%) and Moniliformis moniliformis (0. 3%). Notocotylus neyrai was the only species of Trematoda isolated from water vole (Arvicola amphibius) for the first time in Iran. Conclusion: Some rodents are omnivorous, showing high predisposition to HELMINTHs PARASITES consequently, they harbor some species of PARASITES which are potentially zoonotic or may serve as vectors of important zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, the potential health hazard of these species needs to be considered to prevent infectivity of humans.

A total of 300 freshwater fishes, belonging to nine species were collected from Gheshlagh basin. Sampling was carried out in the two stations namely river and dam Gheshlagh seasonally in the vicinity of Sanandaj city, Kurdistan Province from September 2016 to August 2017. In the present study, three digenean trematode (Clinostomum complanatum, Posthodiplostomum sp. and Allocreadium sp. ), two tapeworms (Khawia armenica and Schyzocotyle acheilognathi), two Monogenea (Dactylogyrus hypophthalmichthys and Paradiplozoon sp. ) and an Acanthocephala (Pallisentis (Pallisentis) cholodkowskyi) were found. The digenean PARASITES were isolated from the river, monognean PARASITES from the dam and the tapeworms and spiny-headed worm from both stations. The C. damascina was highly infected with PARASITES (6 species), followed by S. cephalus (4 species), A. mossulensis (3 species), C. trutta (2 species), B. lacerta (2 soecies), G. rufa (2 species), C. auratus (2 species) and H. molitrix (1 species). A total of 45% of fish were infected with PARASITES, and Posthodiplostomum sp., P. (P. ) cholodkowskyi were the most prevalent (25. 7% and 10. 7%, respectively) and Schyzocotyle acheilognathi was scarce (0. 3%). The highest mean abundance of infection was 0. 63± 2. 3 (P. (P. ) cholodkowskyi) and followed by 0. 56± 1. 2 (Posthodiplostomum sp. ) and the highest mean intensity of infection was 1. 3± 4. 3 (P. (P. ) cholodkowskyi) and 1. 1± 2. 5 (Posthodiplostomum sp. ). The prevalence and intensity of infection based on season and fish length were investigated. The present study is the first report of C. complanatum and Posthodiplostomum sp. from this region and the first report from following host species, C. damascina, A. mossulensis and G. rufa.

There are over two million equine animals in Iran, of which approximately 75% are donkeys. Despite this, very little is known about their parasite status and the impact of this on their work output. Usually, it is the alimentary canal, body cavity and liver that harbor PARASITES in equine species. In this study, 45 donkeys were examined at necropsy. The contents of the stomach, small intestines and large intestine were washed separately and examined for HELMINTH PARASITES. Their livers were sliced into 1×3 cm pieces, squeezed in warm water and examined for HELMINTHs. The skin, eyes and all other internal organs underwent a search for PARASITES. Twenty-two species of nematodes were identified, which included one species of cestode, two species of trematodes and one species of gastrophiliid. The species included ascaridae(×1), atracidae(×1), oxyuridae(×1), trichostrongylidae(×1), spiruridae(×1), anoplocephalidae(×1), fasciolidae(×1) dicrocoeliidae (×1), gastrophiliidae(×1), strongylinae(×3), habronematidae(×3), and cyathostominae(×12). The most abundant group with regards to the number of species and their intensity of infection was Cyathostominae (small strongyles), in which cylicoclusnassatus and  cyathostomum tetracantum were the most prevalent and abundant species. Was the commonest species among the large strongyles. Of the three species of was the most prevalent species. Strongylus vulgaris was the commonest species among the large strongyles.of the three species of habronema, H.muscae was the most prevalent species, followed by H.majus and D.megastoma. probstmayria vivipavra was collected from 20% of donkeys, and more than 450,000 worms were collected from a single animal. Gastrophilus intestinalis was collected from 66.6% of the donkeys that were examined in this study. The prevalence and intensity of the other HELMINTHs were low. The presence of mixed infections was the rule in this study, as this was found in all 45 donkeys. The consequent effect of such infections on the health of donkeys needs further investigation.

Khuzestan province in the south west of Iran having several seasonal and permanent lagoons which are shelter for domestic and migratory birds including, fish-eating birds. This research study was carried out to find the intestinal HELMINTH PARASITES of birds in this ecosystem and evaluation of their medically importance with emphasis on heterophyid trematodes. For these reasons, the total of 37 birds including; Himantopus himantopus, Fulica atra, Egretta grazetta, Bubulcus ibis, Ceryle rudis, Vanellus indicus, Vanellus vanellus, Charadrius sp. Calidris sp. and Saher (Local name) were hunted and transported to Ahwaz Health Research Center as alive or freshly dead after having been shot. HELMINTHes collected as alive or dead and fixed in ethanol or formaldehyde. PARASITES were identified using morphometric measurements and morphological descriptions. 24 species of intestinal HELMINTH PARASITES were found as follow: trematodes (Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Centrocestus formosanus. Psiloterma marki, Echinostoma revolutum, Parechinostomum cinctum, Echinochasmus coaxatus, Paramonostomum alveatum, Uvitellina pseudocotylea, Cyclocoelum mutabile, Apharyngostrigea cornu, Cardiocephallus brandesi, Cotylurus cornutus, Pseudostrigea buteonis) and nematodes (Amidostomum fuligulae, Cosmocephalus diesingii, Microtetrameres accipiter, Strongyloides minimus) and cestodes (Gyrocoelia perversa, Infula burhini, Dirorchis tringae, Echinocotyle nitida, Spiniglans microsoma). These results have suggested that, the birds are reservoir for HELMINTH parasitic diseases such as heterophyiasis for man and animals in the areas. These HELMINTHes are reported for the first time in the region.